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Resources Basic Information What is Anxiety? Understanding Anxiety and Anxiety Disorders IntroductionNormal and Abnormal Anxiety: What's the Difference?Anxiety and ArousalPathological, Abnormal AnxietyThe Symptoms of Anxiety The Biopsychosocial Model of Anxiety The Biopsychosocial Model: Causes of Pathological AnxietyBiological Explanations of Anxiety DisordersBiological Explanations of Anxiety: Part IIBiological Explanations of Anxiety: Part IIIBiological Explanations of Anxiety: Part IVPsychological Explanations of Anxiety DisordersPsychological Explanations: Part IISocial Explanations of Anxiety Disorders Development & Maintenance of Anxiety Disorders The Development and Maintenance of Anxiety Disorders Paired Association and Classical ConditioningThe Maintenance of Anxiety Disorders: Maladaptive Coping StrategiesSummary: The Development and Maintenance of Anxiety Disorders Classification & Diagnosis of Anxiety Disorders The Classification and Diagnosis of Anxiety DisordersPanic Attacks: A Classic Symptom of Several Anxiety DisordersPanic Disorder Separation Anxiety DisorderSelective MutismAgoraphobiaSpecific Phobias and Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)Other Anxiety-Related DisordersAnxiety and Other Psychiatric Disorders Anxiety Disorder Theories and Therapies Anxiety Disorders: Theories and TherapiesBehavioral Learning Theory and Associated TherapiesOperant ConditioningOperant Conditioning and Avoidance LearningContemporary Views of Behavioral Learning TheoryBehavioral Therapies for Anxiety DisordersCognitive Theory and Associated TherapiesCognitive TherapyCognitive-Behavioral TherapyAdjunct TherapiesPharmacologic Treatments (Medication) Treatment of Anxiety Disorders Treatment for Separation Anxiety DisorderTreatment for Selective MutismTreatment for Panic Disorder Treatment for Specific Phobias and Treatment for Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)Treatment for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)Conclusion Anxiety Disorder References & Additonal Resources References: Part IReferences: Part IIResources: Books & Websites on Anxiety, and Articles on Classical and Operant ConditioningResources: Articles and Books on Cognitive Therapy and Specific Anxiety DisordersResources: Articles and Books on Anxiety Disorder Therapies More Information Wise Counsel Interview Transcript: An Interview with David Barlow, Ph.D. on the Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic DisordersWise Counsel Interview Transcript: An Interview with Dr. Michelle Craske on Anxiety Disorders Research and TreatmentWise Counsel Interview Transcript: An Interview with Richard Heimberg, Ph.D. on Anxiety Research and Treatment Latest News Poll Finds High Anxiety in the Time of CoronavirusAHA News: Coronavirus News on Social Media Stressing You Out? Here's How to Handle the AnxietyIs the 'Gratitude Movement' Overrated? Study Finds It Has LimitsAvoiding Fear, Anxiety While You Self-QuarantineHealth Tip: Sleeping While There's AnxietyGood News for People with Persistent AnxietyVeterans' Study Shows Genetic Origins of AnxietyHealth Tip: Is Worrying Out of Control?Writing Out Your Worries Really Works WondersHealth Tip: Understanding Social AnxietyAre You Just a Worrywart or Is It Something More?AHA News: Younger Stroke Survivors More At Risk For AnxietyHealth Tip: Understanding Exposure TherapyHealth Tip: Understanding PhobiasIs Caffeine Fueling Your Anxieties?Workouts: A Prescription to Ease Severe Chronic Anxiety?Health Tip: When Kids Have Separation AnxietyAnxiety News Feeds Questions and Answers Anxious About OpinionsPossible OCD and Anxiety issues FearStay in Therapy Because I Like it?Is My Anxiety a Normal Reaction?What am I Supposed to do With a Hypochondriac Step Daughter?Need HelpHusband Continually Annoyed/Angry With MeHow Can I Overcome my Debilitating Shyness and Fear of Life?Really Desperate..Please HelpOCD and Trauma?DepressionI Don't Care For Anything, I Feel as Though I'm Wasting my Life.Unwanted ThoughtsAnxiety Has Taken Over My Life...CBT Therapy and TransferenceTransference IIOCD19 Yr Old Naive DaughterFear of ChokingHelpShould I be Worried?Too Much Time doing HomeworkFalling ApartCan't Stand NoiseWhat Is Intimacy, Exactly?Is She Ill?Social Anxiety, Depression and More...Do I Have Just Social Anxiety or Other Diagnoses Combined with SA? Need To Ask SomeoneFalse MemoriesHelp! Please!Two Year Old Son WanderedInfections and The BrainAre Personality Disorders For Life?I am Terrified of Death. AnhedoniaOur 23 Year Old Son Refuses to Get Help for His Anxiety Attacks and Depression. AnxietyAnxiety Disorder vs. Personality Disorder: Differences?Restroom PhobiaI'm Afraid I'm Going CrazyPost Brain Surgery Mental ProblemsWould Medication Help? obsessive strange thoughts about life and existentialismAm I Crazy?Is it Anxiety? Is it Normal to Be Like That?Depressed 19 year old college studentDepression helps to contribute to my unemployment! - Paula Relationship Anxiety DisconnectedI'm ScaredPlease help fix my mom. - Kenny OCD?Saving my SonScary thoughts, dark feelings, help?Swallowing fearIs there something wrong with me?I have PTSD and I feel nothingOCD CureRepressed MemoryI have OCD. Will this increase my child's chance of developing Autism?Crazy Thoughts20 Year Old Female: no friends, depressed, what should I do?unwanted thoughts!crazy thoughts... all the timeA very low threshold for stress toleranceWhy can't I get gross images out of my head?fear of expirationSPECIFIC PHOBIAanxiety or going crazy?OCBvisions of what could have beenabout depersonalizationobsessive compulsive disorderOCD/ANXIETY while pregnantAmnesiaSocial PhobiaConstant Counting DisorderAnxietyIs this OCD?Worried about my therapistNo FriendsTeenager...angst vs. mental health issuephobia regarding uncertaintyObsessed with running out of thingsDo I Have OCD?Do environmental factors hold a person back?Never Had a RelationshipShy Rural StudentNursing Student's AnxietyI'm Afraid They Are Judging MePart Time Work and StressAnxietyPanicBathroom PhobiaAnxiety?Mastery Of Anxiety And PanicVery Determined Panicker In The SouthPanicking BoyfriendAlternatives For Anxiety TreatmentIs Anxiety A Hereditary Factor?Unable To Keep Eye ContactIs It Really Panic? And How Do We Get HelpA Cure For Claustrophobia?Panic AttacksShyness And The Post Partum BluesKlonopinAlternative TreatmentCan't Afford TherapyDriving PhobiaIndecisiveAgoraphobia?Social FearA Cure For Anxiety?Panic AttacksFear of DrivingShy GuyAnxiety?Social AnxietyLinda writes: Blog Entries Benzodiazepine Use Linked to Alzheimer's DiseaseObsessions and AddictionHow Exercise Can Reduce AnxietyFear of Heights – Story of a Rock ClimberAromatherapy and AnxietyBe Careful About What You Read OnlineMeditation and AnxietyStress and Anxiety: The Impact the Government Shutdown and The Fiscal Cliff Had on PeopleStress, Anxiety and Mindfulness MeditationWhat We Fear More Than DeathEmbrace Your PastYou Are So Much More Than FearA Simple Trick to Stopping Automatic Negative ThoughtsOf Anxiety and StressEye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR): Another Type of PsychotherapyHow to Ground Your Fear of FlyingThe Mental Squiggle: A Good Way to Gain Freedom from Mind TrapsTest Anxiety – When Your Mind Goes BlankYour 14:57 Minute RuleThe Helicopter Parent and the Dangers of Over ProtectingMeditation for Difficult EmotionsJust Breathe: A Practice to Calm the Anxious MindIt's Called Onychophagia or Nail BitingManaging Anxiety by Accepting your Brain's Alarm SystemDo We Need Anxiety? Thoughts for Entering the New YearDoes Anxiety Plus Depression Equal Depression Plus Anxiety? How Clinicians Really ThinkWhat are Thoughts and Who Are You?One Breath at a TimeCultivating Hope in the Eye of a StormIncreased Childhood and Adolescent Anxiety and Depression3 Steps to Silence the Inner-CriticA Way to Turn the Worry Volume DownPractice a Self-Care DietBrain: Chronic Alcohol Maintains FearWhat You Need to Know About Generation XhaustedStrangers and The Need For Personal SpaceRecognize How Precious Your Life IsTaming Anxiety's Effect on MemoryBuried Alive: Saving, Collecting and HoardingStress on the Rise? Two Simple Practices to Find ReliefKids are More Stressed than We Realize: 4 Steps to TakeWhy You Just Can't Stop Texting and DrivingGetting Unstuck: One Practice that Can HelpThe Transitional Objects and Self ComfortBeing Kind to Your Body is Healing to the MindStress Reduction, Tropical Fish and AquariumsAre You Superstitious?Dental PhobiaWhen Calmness is a Trigger for Fear and How to Change itWhy You Need to Get in Your Body Now5 Steps to Change Feelings of Anxiety Of Anxiety and Depression and PlayThe Importance of Saying "No"OCD and ReassuranceA Tip for Happiness: Turn Routine into WonderTaking Back Control of Your Mind: The Power of AcceptanceAvoidance in OCD: It's Never the AnswerResidential Programs for OCD: How Long Should You Stay?Angst in the Face of Economic Meltdown: Managing Your Anxiety When The Stress Won't Go Away! Part IIAngst in the Face of Economic Meltdown: Managing Your Anxiety When The Stress Won't Go Away! Part IWould You Want to Do Therapy Online?8 Ways to Overcome Homework AnxietySensory Overload, Tension and Stress Keep Calm and Carry On: Potential PitfallsCognitive Consistency and Cognitive DissonanceBe in the Eye of the Storm Understanding Recovery Avoidance in OCDBreaking Free from LimboCBT and Mindfulness for Social Anxiety: Train your Brain for Social SuccessHow to Work with UncertaintyNational Debt, Stress and Perception, Is It Really That Bad?Helping or Enabling...A Fine Line When Dealing with OCDGot IBS? Study Says to Try a Little MindfulnessIs Mindfulness Uniquely Buddhist? Decision Making, Who Is In Control?Can you Improve Life Satisfaction by Changing Your Focus?ERP Therapy - A Good Choice for Treating Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)Clear Away the Mental ClutterDepression & Panic Disorders: Jennifer’s StoryUnchecked Journalism Can Lead to Mindful MisperceptionsI Wish I Had an Illness...Mental or PhysicalDo You Know How Overgeneral Memory Can Impact Depression?Did You Know You May be Keeping Difficulty Around?Negative Self-Talk: A Culprit of Anxiety and DepressionOnline Mindfulness-Based Anxiety TherapyHow to Stop Panic Attacks and Panic AnxietyPanic Attacks: The 30-Minute RuleThe Childhood Anxiety Epidemic: What Parents Can Do About It Help for Panic Attacks & Panic AnxietyHow to Mindfully Work with Difficult EmotionsOvercoming Social Anxiety with Mindfulness TherapyThe Guilts: A Psychoanalytic and Cognitive ViewWhy We Fear Success and What to DoPTSD, Veterans and Equine TherapyAgoraphobia and Spatial Orientation: An Interesting AngleElisha Goldstein's Top 10 MentalHelp Blogs of 2010Online Mindfulness Therapy for AnxietyNewly Married Couples and Sexual FrequencyAn Interview with Joseph LeDoux, Ph.D., on the Synaptic Self and Memory ReconsolidationAnxiety TherapyAlthough We are Wired to Feel Stuck: There is Hope Let's Learn: Trichotillomania (Part 2)An Interview with Monica Ramirez Basco, Ph.D., on ProcrastinationLet's Learn: Trichotillomania (Part 1)What Does the Tetris Effect Have to Do With You? How to Flood Your Life With ConfidenceFascinating Explanations: KindlingWhat to Do in the Places that Scare You: Pema ChodronSelf Therapy: An Interview with Jay Earley, PhDReflections On A SeasonMake Your Life as Inconvenient as PossibleSelf CompassionPerceptions of Life TodayNew Study: 5 Million Californians Need Mental HelpPrepare Now: How to Get Teens to Focus with Homework You May be Trapped in Your Own MindYour Subconscious Mind May be Making Critical Errors in JudgmentOverweight? Your Brain May not Know When to StopOur Anxiety Disorders Topic Center has been Updated!Shyness and Marital ProblemsPeace not War What Everyone Should Know about the Dangers of Their MindsHow Well Do You Know the Committee in Your Mind?More Mindfulness Research for Anxiety and Depression: Here's the RubHow to Slow Down Your Racing Heartbeat When Feeling AnxiousYour Worry or Your Life? The Dark Side of Happy Anniversary Taking a Mindful Path Through ShynessYou vs. Procrastination: 1 (Mindful) Secret to Winning the BattleFreedom from Your Anxious MindAre You Wired to Worry? 3 Common Mistakes People Make When Working with InsomniaThere is No Such Thing as ADDWhat You Need to Know to Help Heal Insomnia Overcoming School Anxiety: An Interview with Diane Peters MayerAn Interview with Gail Steketee, PhD, on Hoarding and OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder)In a Falling Economy, Trust Your Gut Or Reason? Avoidant Personality Disorder and Social PhobiaWhat Every Parent Should Know About School Anxiety5 Steps to Emotional Freedom: Placebo or Panacea?Can Anxiety Be a Good Thing? I Blush, Therefore I...Feeling Stuck with Anxiety or Depression? Try this Today! Catastrophizing Controlling Your Life: 3 Steps to Break FreeNew A&E Series Explores Anxiety DisordersRejection, Why Does It Hurt So Much?An Interview with Steven Phillipson, Ph.D. on the Nature and Treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)Anxiety, Stress and Depresion in Light of the RecessionTherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder – building a life instead of digging up the past?Young Yet Sad: The Social PhobicHow trying to avoid your fear, anxiety, and panic keeps it knocking on your doorCatastrophizing Illness: Mind and Body RevisitedAn Interview with Victoria Lemle Beckner, Ph.D. on Treatments for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)Social Phobia and Self Concept and the BrainAn Interview with Frank Ochberg, MD on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)TIME OUT! 2 Things you can practice today to stave off anxiety and depression in this hectic time. Shy Bladder Syndrome (Paruresis): Getting HelpAn Interview with Edna Foa, Ph.D. on the Nature and Treatment of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)Going to the Dentist: Fears and PhobiasStuff, Why Is It So Difficult to Part With?An Interview with Michelle Craske, Ph.D. on Anxiety Disorders Research and TreatmentBlenophobia, The Fear of NeedlesAnxiety and Alcoholism and StigmaDo You Have a Shy Bladder?Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, Plagued by DoubtPost Traumatic Stress Disorder and Iraqi VeteransPsychotherapy and Murder in New York: Should We All Stay Home?An Interview with David H. Barlow Ph.D. on the Nature and Treatment of Anxiety and Panic DisordersWorried SickAn Interview with Richard Heimberg, Ph.D. on Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder Research and TreatmentTreating PTSD, Part TwoNational Stress Øut WeekHalloween...Fear With A PurposeCollege and Mental Health Problems, They Go TogetherSeparation Anxiety DisorderRecognizing emotion gets harder or easier depending on your moodThe Story of A Psychiatric Service Dog TeamEarly verbal abuse results in more adult depressionOn Being A PerfectionistChronic cortisol exposure causes mood disordersTreating PTSD with Beta-BlockersDavid Beckham has OCDCortisol May Be an Anxiety TreatmentGenetic contribution to OCD may have been identified Videos How to Manage ADHD and AnxietyWhat You Need to Know about Students with ADHD and AnxietyHow To Make Room For Gratitude In An Anxious Brain How to Stay Calm When You Know You'll Be StressedAnxiety and Teen Girls with Lisa Damour, PhDIs it Anxiety or a Heart Condition?Identifying and Treating Anxiety in Kids and TeensChild Anxiety, It’s RealHelping Children Cope with AnxietyAnxiety, Trauma and How Prolonged Exposure Therapy Works For PTSDOCD, Phobias and AnxietyHow Weighted Blankets May Lift AnxietyControlling Anxiety Too Scared: Social Anxiety DisorderPanic Disorders VideoPhobias VideoTreating Anxiety Disorders: A Unified ProtocolTreating Youth Anxiety and Social Phobia Overcoming Anxiety in Children and TeensTreating Anxiety in Children and Teens with ASD Back-to-School Anxiety No More Shame: My life with Anxiety and DepressionAdolescent Depression and Anxiety What is Social Anxiety Disorder?Living Without FearWhat is Generalized Anxiety Disorder?What is Generalized Anxiety Disorder? School Anxiety! Activities To Help Kids and Teens Manage It Recognizing and Treating Problematic Fear and Anxiety in Children How To Stop Overthinking When You Have AnxietyMy Anxiety Is Making Me Anxious! Evidence-Based Treatment Planning for Generalized Anxiety Disorder VideoManaging Anxiety in Youth: More Action Than TalkTreatment of Social Anxiety Disorder Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Recent Advances in Anxiety - Children/Adolescents Links [3] Articles[2] Associations[2] Community[13] Information[2] Journals[1] Research[2] Tutorials[36] Videos[2] Podcasts[16] Apps Book Reviews 8 Keys to Stress ManagementA Brief History of AnxietyAnxietyAnxietyAnxiety DisordersAnxiety, Phobias, and PanicBeen There, Done That? DO THIS!Calm Beneath the WavesElsewhereExercise for Mood and AnxietyGetting ControlHelping Students Overcome Depression and AnxietyJust CheckingMind-Body Workbook for AnxietyMonkey MindMy Age of AnxietyOvercoming School AnxietyPanic DisorderPassing for NormalPhobic and Anxiety Disorders in Children and AdolescentsRepressed SpacesSelf-CoachingStressStress Survival GuideTextbook of Anxiety DisordersThe 10 Best Anxiety BustersThe Age of AnxietyThe Anxieties of AffluenceThe Dutiful WorrierThe Emotional Eater's Repair ManualThe Male Stress Survival GuideThe Places That Scare YouThe Stress CureThe SuperStress SolutionTreating Affect PhobiaUnder Pressure and OverwhelmedViniyoga Therapy for AnxietyWhen Words Are Not EnoughWish I Could Be ThereYoga for AnxietyYoga Journal's Yoga for Stress Self-Help Groups American Stroke Association (Division of American Heart Association)Social Anxiety Anonymous

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The following is a list of helpful resources for individuals, family members, and professionals interested in more information on anxiety and anxiety disorders.

Books:

Barlow, D. H. (2002). Anxiety and its disorders: The nature and treatment of anxiety and panic (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.

Beck, A. T. & Emery, G. (1985). Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive perspective. New York: Basic Books.

Borne, E. J. (2000). The anxiety & phobia workbook (3rd ed.). Oakland: New Harbinger Publications.

Ellis, A. (1998). How to control your anxiety before it controls you. New York: Citadel Press.

Johnston, J. E. (2006). The complete idiot's guide to controlling anxiety. New York: Penguin Group.

Treatment workbooks:

Mastery of Your anxiety and Panic 4th ed, Barlow & Craske Oxford University Press (2006)

Mastery of Your anxiety and Worry 2nd ed Craske & Barlow Oxford (2006)

Mastery of Your Fears and Phobia by Antony, Craske, and Barlow Oxford (2006)

Websites

Anxiety disorders Association of America

Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies

National Institute of Mental Health

Articles

Classical Conditioning

Mineka, S., & Oehlberg, K. (2008). The relevance of recent developments in classical conditioning to understanding the etiology and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Learning, Memory, and Psychopathology, 127, 567-580.

Lissek, S., Powers, A. S., McClure, E. B., Phelps, E.A., Woldehawariat, G., Grillon, C., & Pine, D.S. (2005). Classical fear conditioning in the anxiety disorders: A meta analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1391-1424.

Watson, J. B., & Rayner, R. (1920). Conditioned emotional reactions. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 3, 1-14.

Operant Conditioning

Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York: Random House.

Authors Statement: Established in 1979, the Bio Behavioral Institute is a psychological and psychiatric clinic dedicated to the treatment and research of anxiety and mood disorders. Based in Long Island, NY, USA, the institute serves both a local and international clientele. Our staff have over 40 years of experience treating anxiety and mood disorders and have been at the forefront of scientifically supported treatments for anxiety disorders for many years. We offer a variety of programs provided by a multidisciplinary team of professionals. For more information, please visit us online at www.biobehavioralinstitute.com or view Bio Behavioral Institute and author biographical information on this website.

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